半透明鈣鈦礦太陽能電池（PSCs）在美化建筑外觀及構(gòu)建頂照射疊層器件的應(yīng)用上展現(xiàn)了巨大潛力。然而，目前廣泛使用的頂部透明接觸材料——氧化銦錫，濺射過程中會對下方的鈣鈦礦材料造成降解，這嚴(yán)重限制了其在此領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。

為了應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)，暨南大學(xué)新能源技術(shù)研究院院長 麥耀華教授,河南大學(xué) 陳石教授攜手其研究團隊，提出了一種創(chuàng)新的解決方案：他們采用低溫、可擴展的溶液處理銀納米線（AgNWs）作為頂部窗口電極，以此制造出了高效且穩(wěn)定的半透明PSCs。在制備過程中，一個至關(guān)重要的步驟是利用原子層沉積（ALD）技術(shù)沉積一層致密的SnO2薄膜，這層薄膜如同一道堅實的防水屏障，有效阻止了AgNWs與鈣鈦礦中的鹵化物發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，從而確保了器件的長期穩(wěn)定性。基于銀納米線（AgNW）的半透明鈣鈦礦太陽能電池（PSCs）和四端鈣鈦礦/銅銦鎵硒（CIGS）疊層器件分別實現(xiàn)了17.5%和26.85%的高效率。

此外，研究團隊還發(fā)現(xiàn)了丙二胺碘（PDADI）在鈣鈦礦表面的分子吸附現(xiàn)象。這種吸附并非形成二維（2D）鈣鈦礦覆蓋層，而是能有效地鈍化鈣鈦礦表面，并顯著提升其熱穩(wěn)定性。同時，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)也為ALD-SnO2的沉積提供了更寬泛的的加工窗口，使得整個制備過程更加順暢。

FIGURE 1

Photovoltaic parameters of the solar cells passivated with (A) PEAI and (B) PDADI as a function of annealing time after surface treatment. XRD pattern evolution of the perovskite films passivated with (C) PEAI and (D) PDADI as a function of annealing time. Photoluminescence spectra of the perovskite films passivated with (E) PEAI and (F) PDADI at different annealing intervals. XRD, x-ray diffraction; PDADI, propylenediamine iodine.

FIGURE 2

XPS spectra of N1s for the perovskite films passivated with (A) PEAI and (B) PDADI. XPS spectra of Pb4f   for the perovskite films passivated with (C) PEAI and (D) PDADI. Schematic illustration of the composition evolution at surface for the perovskite films passivated with (E) PEAI and (F) PDADI upon annealing for 20 min. PDADI, propylenediamine iodine.

FIGURE 3

(A) Schematic film stack for testing solvent resistivity of ALD- SnO2. XRD patterns of the perovskite film with and without ALD-grown SnO2 film after blade-coating water (B) and ethanol (C). The insets in (B) and (C) are the corresponding digital photos of water- and ethanol-treated perovskite layer stack. (D) SEM image of silver nanowire electrodes on top of ALD-SnO2-covered perovskite film. The scale bar is 200 nm. (E) UV–Vis–NIR transmittance spectra of the blade-coated AgNWs electrode and commercially available ITO as a reference. The corresponding sheet resistance is displayed in the plot. (F) The resistance evolution of the AgNWs electrodes covered with and without SnO2, which were stored in ambient air. Inset in part (F) is the schematic diagram for testing the change of AgNWs electrode resistance. ALD, atomic layer deposition; ITO, indium tin oxide; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; XRD, X-ray diffraction.

(A) Cross-sectional SEM image of a semitransparent PSC with silver nanowire top electrode. The scale bar is 200 nm. (B) J–V curve of the wide-bandgap perovskite devices with opaque Ag and AgNWs electrodes under one-sun conditions. (C) The EQE and integrated JSC of the devices with Ag and AgNWs electrodes. (D) Comparison of PCE versus bandgap of semitransparent PSCs with AgNWs top contact obtained in this work with those of previously reported devices [18, 20, 41-43]. (E) Light soaking and thermal stability of two unencapsulated semitransparent PSCs with AgNWs electrodes. (F) UV–Vis–NIR transmittance of a semitransparent PSC with AgNWs electrode. The inset is digital photo of a semitransparent solar cell. EQE; external quantum efficiency; PSC, perovskite solar cell; PCE, power conversion efficiencies; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

FIGURE 5

(A) Schematic of the four-terminal tandem perovskite/CIGS solar cell. (B) J–V characteristics of top-illuminated semitransparent perovskite device, CIGS device, and CIGS device under the PSC. (C) EQE spectra of the top-illuminated semitransparent perovskite device, CIGS device, and CIGS device under the PSC. CIGS, copper indium gallium diselenide CIGS; PSC, perovskite solar cell; EQE, external quantum efficiency.

文獻信息

Dual Interfacial Design Enables Efficient and Stable Semitransparent Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells With Scalable-Coated Silver Nanowire Contact for Tandem Applications

Chaoran Chen, Lianglan Liu, Ting Huang, Biao Tu, Hongbing Li, Qingchen He, Qiaoyan Ma, Zhenhua Xu, Shi Chen, Jianmin Li, Guangxing Liang, Yaohua Mai, Fei Guo

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sus2.256

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