*終，采用MSR策略制備的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池展現(xiàn)出了高達(dá)25.46%的**光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率（PCE），并且在非封裝條件下、相對(duì)濕度為45%的環(huán)境中，經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)達(dá)3000小時(shí)的測(cè)試后，仍保持了初始PCE的91.16%。這一**的結(jié)果充分驗(yàn)證了所提出的多級(jí)調(diào)控策略的有效性。它不僅顯著改善了鈣鈦礦太陽能電池（PSC）的結(jié)晶度、抑制了缺陷、增強(qiáng)了界面接觸并降低了能級(jí)失配，從而大幅提升了PSC的性能，還展現(xiàn)出了更優(yōu)的質(zhì)量和穩(wěn)定性，降低了層間載流子損失和非輻射復(fù)合強(qiáng)度，并加快了界面載流子提取速度。因此，所提出的多級(jí)調(diào)控策略無疑為提升鈣鈦礦光伏器件的性能并推動(dòng)其更廣泛應(yīng)用提供了一種新穎且簡(jiǎn)便的方法。

a) Reaction coordinate diagram of formation paths for different perovskite intermediates in DMF. b) Binding energies of MeO–4PACz dimer, MeO–4PACz tetramer, and MeO–4PACz dimer with TFSP. c) Interactions of different configurations of TFSP with the perovskite surface: i) perpendicular to the perovskite surface with the benzene ring above, ii) perpendicular to the perovskite surface with the benzene ring below, and iii) parallel to the perovskite surface; iv) side view of the interactions of TFSP (dashed ovals) with the Pb/I terminated (001) FAPbI3 surface. PbI6octahedra are highlighted to show that major structural relaxation was mostly observed in the uppermost layer. Changes in the charge-density profile around all species involved in the TFSP–surface binding include prominent charge accumulation (yellow) and depletion (blue) regions indicating F─Pb and O─Pb interactions. d) Binding of perovskite layers with and without TFSP to PCBM in the ETL.

ToF-SIMS of a) control and b) target films. c, f) GIXRD with different ψ angles (10–50°) at a depth of ≈200 nm. 2D GIWAXS maps of d) control and e) target films. cAFM maps of g) control and h) target films. (i) Current as a function of distance for the control and target films obtained from the cAFM maps.

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